Half

Application of heat therapy to reduce pain, stiffness, muscle spasm and increase blood flow to a specific area to promote healing.

Explosion of the normal disc content (nucleus pulposus) from a sudden tear in the outer layer of the intervertebral disc (annulus) typically associated with heavy exercise or trauma.

‘Bulging’ and ‘protrusion’ of the outer part of the intervertebral disc (annulus fibrosus).

‘Extrusion’ or ‘herniation’ of the inner contents of the intervertebral disc.

The presence of red blood cells in urine.

Specific type of inflammatory brain disease which is defined under the umbrella of ‘meningoencephalitis of unknown origin’ (MUA).

Seizures causing a loss of consciousness, involuntary repetitive movements, urination, salivation and defecation.

General anaesthesia is the state produced when a patient receives medications for amnesia, analgesia and skeletal muscle relaxation or paralysis to accommodate surgical stimulus. An anesthetised patient can be thought of as being in a controlled, reversible state of unconsciousness.

A tiny needle is inserted into the mass or organ, a syringe is attached, and a sample of cells is drawn up into the needle by applying negative pressure. The cells are pushed out onto a glass slide and smeared to create a thin sheet. These can then be stained and examined under a microscope to look for evidence of inflammation …

A sudden onset spinal cord injury as a result of a sudden blockage of a vessels blood supply to an area of the spinal cord.

A sudden onset spinal cord injury as a result of a sudden blockage of a vessels blood supply to an area of the spinal cord.