Vets who have undergone speciality training not only in small animal surgery, but also advanced training in cancer surgery, cancer biology, and have a thorough understanding and can advise on other therapies for cancer including chemotherapy and radiation therapy.

Partial or incomplete luxation of a joint.

The stifle joint is a complex joint in the hind limbs of four legged animals. It is the equivalent joint to the human knee. The stifle joint consists of the femorotibial articulation (femoral and tibial condyles), femoropatellar articulation (femoral trochlea and the patella), and the proximal tibiofibular articulation.

An autoimmune condition where the body’s immune system attacks blood vessels in the lining of the nervous system for an unknown reason.

Using diagnostic tests to discover whether the tumour has spread, and if so, to where.

The fleshy, flexible part towards the back of the roof of the mouth.

A disorder in which you have one or more pauses in breathing or shallow breaths while you sleep.

A group of cells present within the bone marrow stromal environment which are responsible for the repair and upkeep of healthy skeletal tissue. A population of these cells are attached to the outside of small blood vessels and can grow into different types of tissue including bone, cartilage and fat.

Shoulder osteochondritis dissecans is a disease mainly seen in immature large and giant breed dogs. The condition results in the formation of a cartilage flap on the humeral head that causes pain and subsequent lameness.

Seizures are the physical manifestation of uncontrolled and hyper-synchronous electrical activity in the brain. Recurrent seizures, known as epilepsy, is the most common neurological problem in dogs and cats.

Induction of sleepiness, generally to allow procedures without resorting to general anaesthesia. Sedation is most commonly used to keep patients motionless while radiographic or CT images are obtained.

The shoulder blade.